Your Heart at High Altitude
Mountain views, fresh air, wide open skies — there is a lot to love about high-elevation destinations. But for your heart, higher altitude also means change. As the air gets thinner, your body has to work harder to get the oxygen it needs, and that can have a real impact on how your heart functions.
Most healthy travelers adjust just fine after a few days, but people with heart conditions may feel the effects more quickly and more intensely. Even those without a diagnosed condition can experience fatigue, shortness of breath, or lightheadedness when visiting higher elevations.
Before you pack your bags and head into the mountains, it is helpful to understand how altitude affects your cardiovascular system, what symptoms to watch for, and when to check in with your doctor.
What happens to your body at higher altitudes
As altitude increases, the amount of oxygen in the air decreases. At elevations above 5,000 feet, oxygen levels are lower, and your body must work harder to get the oxygen it needs. This can cause your heart to beat faster and your lungs to take in more air with each breath.
In most healthy people, the body can adjust. But for people with heart conditions, especially those related to oxygen supply, blood pressure, or rhythm disorders, this change can cause symptoms to worsen.
Effects of altitude on heart health
At higher altitudes, your heart and lungs must work harder to keep oxygen flowing. This extra effort may cause the following symptoms in some individuals:
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Heart palpitations
- Chest discomfort
People with existing conditions like coronary artery disease, heart failure, or arrhythmias may notice symptoms sooner or more severely. The lower oxygen environment can increase heart rate and blood pressure, which can strain the heart.
What to consider if you have a heart condition
If you have been diagnosed with a heart condition, talk to your doctor before traveling to high-altitude destinations.
Depending on your health status, your doctor may recommend:
- Avoiding strenuous activity for the first few days at higher elevation
- Monitoring your heart rate, blood pressure, and symptoms
- Adjusting medications if needed
- Bringing a portable pulse oximeter to monitor oxygen levels
- Knowing where the nearest hospital or urgent care is located
In some cases, a slower travel itinerary may help your body adjust more easily, especially if you will be ascending to altitudes above 8,000 feet.
Should healthy people be concerned?
Even people with no history of heart disease may feel the effects of high altitude. It’s not uncommon to experience mild fatigue, shortness of breath, or lightheadedness during the first day or two in a higher location. These symptoms usually go away as the body acclimates.
However, if symptoms persist, especially chest discomfort or palpitations, it is important to seek medical attention.
If you plan to hike, ski, or engage in other physical activities at elevation, take it easy to start and give your body time to adjust. Staying hydrated, limiting alcohol, and getting plenty of rest can also help.
Listen to your body and plan ahead
Traveling to higher elevations can be safe and enjoyable, but it is important to listen to your body. People with known heart conditions should check in with their cardiologist before making plans. Even healthy travelers should pace themselves and be aware of how altitude can affect energy levels and heart function.
If you have questions about how altitude could affect your heart or want to talk through any travel plans, the Oklahoma Heart Hospital team is here to help!